Category: Grammar Expansion
Conjunctions
Conjunctions
Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or clauses. They help create smooth, flowing sentences by showing relationships between ideas.
Types of Conjunctions
1. Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS)
Connect equal parts of a sentence (words, phrases, or independent clauses).
| Conjunction | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| For | reason/cause | I was tired, for I had worked all day. |
| And | addition | I like tea and coffee. |
| Nor | negative addition | I don't like tea, nor do I like coffee. |
| But | contrast | She is poor but honest. |
| Or | choice/alternative | Do you want tea or coffee? |
| Yet | contrast | He is old yet strong. |
| So | result | It was raining, so I took an umbrella. |
2. Subordinating Conjunctions
Connect a dependent clause to an independent clause.
- Time: when, while, before, after, until, since, as soon as
- Cause: because, since, as
- Condition: if, unless, provided that
- Contrast: although, though, even though, while
- Purpose: so that, in order that
Examples:
- I went home because I was tired.
- Although it was raining, we went out.
- I will call you when I arrive.
- If you study, you will pass.
3. Correlative Conjunctions
Work in pairs to connect equal elements.
- both...and - Both tea and coffee are hot drinks.
- either...or - Either you or I will go.
- neither...nor - Neither he nor she came.
- not only...but also - She is not only smart but also hardworking.
- whether...or - I don't know whether to go or stay.
Common Conjunctions Summary
| Purpose | Conjunctions |
|---|---|
| Addition | and, also, moreover, besides |
| Contrast | but, yet, however, although |
| Cause/Reason | because, since, as, for |
| Result | so, therefore, thus |
| Choice | or, either...or |
| Condition | if, unless, provided that |
| Time | when, while, before, after, until |